Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia cyanoides) [XC355335]
by Scott Olmstead from Torti, San Francisco Nature Reserve, Panama, Panama (call)
Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia cyanoides) [XC634769]
by Kent Livezey from El Valle de Ant\u00f3n, Cocl\u00e9 Province, Panama (call, song)
Subspecies
Genus sometimes subsumed in Passerina. Subspecific name caerulescens then becomes preoccupied, and replaced by toddi. Subspecies rothschildii considered by some authors to represent a different species.
The following 4 subspecies are recognised:
concreta (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) - South-eastern Mexico (Veracruz and northern Oaxaca east to southern Yucatán Peninsula), northern Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.
caerulescens Todd, 1923 - Nicaragua south to western Panama.
cyanoides (Lafresnaye, 1847) - Central and eastern Panama, north-western Venezuela and northern and western Colombia southern (west of eastern Andes) to north-western Peru (Tumbes).
rothschildii (E. Bartlett, 1890) - Northern, eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas south to eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Brazil (south to northern Mato Grosso and northern Maranhío) and northern and eastern Bolivia. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Amazonian Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia rothschildii).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet