White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) [XC308327]
by Jerome Fischer from Reserva Extrativista Alto Juru\u00e1. Foz do Tejo\t, Brazil (call)
White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) [XC641710]
by Mauricio Cuellar Ramirez (@Birding.travel) from Pava Negra Nature Reserve - Florencia, Caquet\u00e1., Colombia (call)
Subspecies
Genus often merged with Pipra. Subspecies in Central America and western part of South American range differ vocally from eastern ones, and may represent a distinct species; taxonomic status of isolated subspecies cephaleucos uncertain; further study required.
The following 13 subspecies are recognised:
anthracina (Ridgway, 1906) - Central and eastern Costa Rica and western Panama (west of Canal Zone).
bolivari (Meyer de Schauensee, 1950) - North-western Colombia (upper Sinú Valley east to southern Bolívar).
minima (Chapman, 1917) - South-western Colombia on western side of western Andes.
unica (Meyer de Schauensee, 1945) - Subtropical zone of north-central and southern Colombia (Magdalena Valley).
coracina (Sclater, PL, 1856) - North-western Venezuela (Perijá Mts, and south-eastern Lara south to south-eastern Táchira) south, on eastern slope of eastern Andes, to eastern Ecuador and north-central Peru (north of R Marañón).
discolor (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - North-eastern Peru.
occulta (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - North-central Peru on eastern side of central Andes.
pygmaea (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - Lower R Huallaga, in north-central Peru.
comata (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) - East-central Peru (southern Pasco south to northern Cuzco).
microlopha (Zimmer, JT, 1929) - Eastern Peru (south of R Marañón) and western Brazil.
pipra (Linnaeus, 1758) - Southern and eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and lowland eastern Colombia and Brazil mainly north of Amazon (east to Amapá, crossing to southern bank at Tefé).
separabilis (Zimmer, JT, 1936) - Southern side of lower Amazon from R Tapajós east to northern Maranhío.
cephaleucos (Thunberg, 1822) - Coastal eastern Brazil (southern Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro).