Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) [XC860720]
by Paulo Alves from Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Pichincha, Parroquia Nanegalito, Nueva Granada, Hacienda Los Yumbos, Ecuador (flight call)
Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) [XC428133]
by Cristian Pinto from Arredores do Vilarejo, Povoacao-ES, Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil (canto de voo)
Subspecies
Based on proportions and vocalization, might comprise two species, with separation of cayennensis, incorporating lampronotus. However, intergradation known at one locality. Subspecies fretensis sometimes merged with nominate subspecies.
The following 4 subspecies are recognised:
cayennensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) - Northern South America, north of R Amazon.
lampronotus (Wagler, 1827) - R Amazon south through central, eastern and southern Brazil to northern Chile and northern Argentina.
chilensis (Molina, 1782) - Argentina and Chile south to Chiloé I and Comodoro Rivadavia.
fretensis (Brodkorb, 1934) - Southern Chile and southern Argentina.