Very patchily in western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia, Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariņo) and north-western Ecuador (Imbabura and Pichincha).
 
Population
Estimated population is 10,000 - 19,999 (2010) and decreasing.
Status LC
Habitat destruction and degradation through logging, human settlement, cattle-grazing, coca cultivation and gold mining is the main threat.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Voice
Song is a high-pitched series of sharp, thin 'tsip' notes. Foraging call is a sharp 'tsip' and thinner 'sink'. A soft frog-like whistle 'wert'.
Tanager Finch (Oreothraupis arremonops) [XC276313]
by DANIEL OROZCO from Pichincha: Tandayapa ridge 3 km SSW Tandayapa, Ecuador (song)
Tanager Finch (Oreothraupis arremonops) [XC63813]
by Andrew Spencer from Bellavista Research Station, Mindo, Ecuador (song)
Subspecies
Relationships unclear. Originally thought to be a saltator (Saltator) in the cardinal family (Cardinalidae) on basis of thick bill, and has been considered a tanager (Thraupidae), yet aspects of plumage, behaviour, voice and nesting suggest affiliation with Atlapetes.