Golden-billed Saltator (Saltator aurantiirostris) [XC686385]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Parque Estadual do Esphinillo Barra do Quara\u00ed, Brazil (song)
Golden-billed Saltator (Saltator aurantiirostris) [XC673267]
by JAYRSON ARAUJO DE OLIVEIRA from Victoria, Entre R\u00edos, Argentina (song)
Subspecies
Affiliations of genus uncertain. Recent molecular-genetic analyses indicate that it does not belong with present family, and may be better placed with tanagers (Thraupidae). Sometimes treated as conspecific with Black-cowled Saltator (Saltator nigriceps), but appears to differ vocally. Also closely allied to Thick-billed Saltator (Saltator maxillosus) and interbreeding with latter has been reported, but recent studies state that there is little or no interbreeding. Subspecies parkesi intergrades with nominate in Argentina.
The following 6 subspecies are recognised:
iteratus Chapman, 1927 - Northern Peru (temperate zones of Cajamarca, Amazones, Libertad and Ancash).
albociliaris (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) - Central and southern Peru (subtropical and temperate zones from Ancash and Huánuco south to Puno and Tacna) and extreme northern Chile (Arica).
hellmayri Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 - Bolivia from La Paz and Cochabamba south to south-eastern Potosí and northern Tarija.
aurantiirostris Vieillot, 1817 - Bolivia (southern Tarija), northern Argentina (south to Catamarca, Córdoba and Buenos Aires), eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil (southern Mato Grosso and northern Rio Grande do Sul).
parkesi Cardoso da Silva, 1990 - Eastern Argentina (Entre Ríos), extreme south-eastern Brazil (southern Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay.
nasica Wetmore & Peters, JL, 1922 - Central-western Argentina (La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza and western La Pampa).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet