West-central and southern Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz southwards) south to northern Argentina (Salta); Andean foothills and lowlands in central and southern Chile (Bío-Bío to Magallanes) and south-western Argentina (Neuquén to Santa Cruz).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Striped Woodpecker (Veniliornis lignarius) [XC176374]
by Michele Peron from Contulmo, Arauco Province, Bio-Bio, Chile (call)
Striped Woodpecker (Veniliornis lignarius) [XC15141]
by Daniel Gonz\u00e1lez Amat from Lagunillas, Chile (song)
Subspecies
Forms a superspecies with Checkered Woodpecker (Veniliornis mixtus). They seem to be genetically close and may be conspecific, but possible overlap of breeding ranges not well documented. Related more distantly to other American congeners. Birds of isolated northern population slightly smaller than those of Patagonia, with other morphological, plumage and genetic differences, probably representing a separate taxon, for which the name puncticeps is available.