Eastern Peru (south of R Amazon and east of R Ucayali, south to drainage of R Madre de Dios), south-western Amazonian Brazil (east to R Madeira, south to Acre) and north-western and central Bolivia (Pando, La Paz, Beni, Cochabamba).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
White-throated Antbird (Oneillornis salvini) [XC427429]
by Wilson Diaz from Abun\u00e3 - Transecto 09 - ME, Porto Velho-RO, Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil (canto)
White-throated Antbird (Oneillornis salvini) [XC504731]
by Juha Honkala from AM-354, Km 18, Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
May prove to be a member of an obligate ant-following clade. Forms a superspecies with Lunulated Antbird (Oneillornis lunulatus), and has been treated as conspecific. Birds in north-west of range (eastern Peru east to R Purús, in Brazil) described as subspecies maculatus, but intergrade with other populations. Moreover, high degree of individual variation in plumage exhibited by all populations.