Argentina, Aruba, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (B), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.
Population
Estimated population is 500,000 - 4,999,999 (2010).
Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) [XC880041]
by id from PN Tikal, Pet\u00e9n, Guatemala (call)
Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) [XC257335]
by Manuel Grosselet from Orellana: Laguna A\u00f1angu ('Napo Wildlife Center'), s-bank R\u00edo Napo, Ecuador (call, disturbance calls by day)
Subspecies
The three northern subspecies sometimes considered a separate species, Cochlearius zeledoni. Birds from north-western Costa Rica, currently placed in subspecies panamensis, are intermediate between the two groups.
The following 5 subspecies are recognised:
zeledoni (Ridgway, 1885) - West-central Mexico.
phillipsi Dickerman, 1973 - Eastern Mexico and Belize.
ridgwayi Dickerman, 1973 - Southern Mexico to western Honduras and El Salvador.
panamensis Griscom, 1926 - Costa Rica and Panama.
cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) - Eastern Panama to Guianas, and Amazonia south to north-eastern Argentina.