Eastern Brazil (southern Pará and southern Maranhío east to Pernambuco and south to west-central Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Sío Paulo, western edge of Rio de Janeiro and coastal central Bahia), north-eastern Bolivia (north-eastern Santa Cruz) and north-eastern Paraguay (Canendiyu).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Rufous-winged Antshrike (Thamnophilus torquatus) [XC265948]
by Jeremy Minns from Mirangaba, Bahia, Brazil (song)
Rufous-winged Antshrike (Thamnophilus torquatus) [XC310732]
by Caio Brito from Chapada dos Guimar\u00e3es. Road to \u00c1gua Fria., Brazil (call)
Subspecies
Belongs to the "Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) group", which also includes Chapman's Antshrike (Thamnophilus zarumae), Bar-crested Antshrike (Thamnophilus multistriatus), Lined Antshrike (Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus), Lined Antshrike (Thamnophilus palliatus) and Rufous-capped Antshrike (Thamnophilus ruficapillus). Appears to form a superspecies with Rufous-capped Antshrike (Thamnophilus ruficapillus), but syntopy is suspected in south of range in Brazil (extreme eastern Minas Gerais and north-western Rio de Janeiro).