Eastern Andes of south-eastern Ecuador through Peru to west-central Bolivia (Yungas of Cochabamba). Single record from Pan Azucar in central Andes of Colombia, where status uncertain.
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Rufous-capped Thornbill (Chalcostigma ruficeps) [XC238121]
by Lelis Navarrete from Zamora-Chinchipe: Reserva Tapichalaca, Ecuador (call, call at feeder)
Rufous-capped Thornbill (Chalcostigma ruficeps) [XC145009]
by Dan Lane from Ca\u00f1adon, Cochabamba dept., Bolivia (call)
Subspecies
Previously placed in genus Metallura. Alternatively separated in monotypic genus Selatopogon. Birds of Ecuador have been separated as subspecies aureofastigatum, but this variation has now been demonstrated to form ends of a clinal character progression involving coloration of ornamental throat feathers.