Green Imperial Pigeon (Ducula aenea) [XC311258]
by Joseph Monkhouse from Udawalawa area, Sri Lanka (song)
Green Imperial Pigeon (Ducula aenea) [XC414778]
by Marc Anderson from Sulawesi: Tangkoko lowlands, Indonesia (call)
Subspecies
Forms a species-group with Spectacled Imperial-Pigeon (Ducula perspicillata) and Blue-tailed Imperial-Pigeon (Ducula concinna). Subspecies oenothorax and paulina sometimes considered two separate species. Racial variation not altogether clear. Proposed subspecies andamanica (Andaman Is) included in sylvatica; polia (Lesser Sundas) included in nominate; intermedia (Talaud Is), pallidinucha (south-eastern Sulawesi and offshore islands), pulchella (Togian Is) and sulana (Banggai and Sula Is) included in paulina; chalybura is synonym of nominate. Further analysis is likely to reduce further still the number of subspecies accepted.
The following 16 subspecies are recognised:
sylvatica (Tickell, 1833) - Northern India through Nepal to southern Myanmar (central Tenasserim) and Andaman Is, northern Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia.
pusilla (Blyth, 1849) - Southern India and Sri Lanka.
nicobarica (Pelzeln, 1865) - Nicobar Is. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Nicobar Imperial Pigeon (Ducula nicobarica).
vicina (Riley, 1927) - Batu Is and Mentawai Is (off central-western Sumatra).
oenothorax (Salvadori, 1892) - Enggano (off south-western Sumatra). Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Enggano Imperial-Pigeon (Ducula oenothorax).
aenea (Linnaeus, 1766) - Malay Peninsula from Tenasserim and southern Thailand through Sumatra (including Riau Archipelago, Bangka), Borneo (including Anambas, Natuna, Tambelan Is) and Philippines (all main islands except Palawan) to Java and Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Pantar, Alor).
palawanensis (Blasius, W, 1888) - Banggi (off north-eastern Borneo) through Balabac, Palawan and Dumaran to Linapacan, Culion, Calauit and Busuanga (western Philippines).
fugaensis (Hachisuka, 1930) - Northern Philippines (Calayan, Camiguin Norte and Fuga).