White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus) [XC871749]
by id from Esmeraldas: Reserva Jatun Sacha de Bilsa, Ecuador (call)
White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus) [XC812880]
by Dante Buzzetti from Rio Preto, Itanha\u00e9m, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (call, machanical sounds)
Subspecies
Genus possibly closest to Chiroxiphia and Antilophia. Its four members form a superspecies, and all sometimes treated as conspecific. Present species hybridizes with Golden-collared Manakin (Manacus vitellinus) in Colombia (lower Cauca Valley, also south-western Cauca). Almost all geographical variation probably clinal, and some described subspecies perhaps not tenable. A full revision of taxonomy desirable.
The following 15 subspecies are recognised:
abditivus Bangs, 1899 - Northern Colombia (Santa Marta region, lower Cauca Valley, lower and middle Magdalena Valley).
flaveolus Cassin, 1852 - Upper Magdalena Valley (central Colombia).
bangsi Chapman, 1914 - South-western Colombia (southern from south-western Cauca) and extreme north-western Ecuador (northern Esmeraldas, Imbabura).
leucochlamys Chapman, 1914 - North-western and western Ecuador (western Esmeraldas and Pichincha south to northern Guayas).
maximus Chapman, 1924 - South-western Ecuador (eastern Guayas and extreme western Chimborazo south to western Loja) and extreme north-western Peru (Tumbes).
interior Chapman, 1914 - North-western and south-central Venezuela, Colombia east of Andes, eastern Ecuador, north-eastern Peru, and north-western Brazil (on upper R Negro).
trinitatis (Hartert, 1912) - Trinidad.
umbrosus Friedmann, 1944 - Limited area of southern Venezuela in central Amazonas.
manacus (Linnaeus, 1766) - The Guianas, southern Venezuela (R Casiquiare region, in southern Amazonas), and north-eastern Brazil north of lower Amazon.
expectatus Gyldenstolpe, 1941 - Western Brazil (R Juruá), possibly also adjacent north-eastern Peru (eastern Loreto).
purus Bangs, 1899 - Southern bank of lower Amazon in Brazil (R Madeira probably to left bank of R Xingu).
longibarbatus Zimmer, JT, 1936 - Southern bank of lower Amazon in Brazil (right bank of R Xingu east to right bank of R Tocantins).
purissimus Todd, 1928 - Eastern Brazil from right bank of R Tocantins east to northern Maranhío.
gutturosus (Desmarest, 1806) - Eastern and south-eastern Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia and Minas Gerais south to extreme south-eastern Mato Grosso, Santa Catarina and extreme northern Rio Grande do Sul), south-eastern Paraguay and extreme north-eastern Argentina (Misiones).
BirdLife International Species Factsheet