China (mainland), Kazakhstan (B), Kyrgyzstan (B), Mongolia (B), Russia (Asian), Russia (Central Asian) (B), Uzbekistan (B).
Vagrant to Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska), Czech Republic, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran [Islamic Republic of], Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Montenegro, Netherlands Antilles, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia (Slovak Republic), Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden (B), Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom.
Mostly between 40° northern and 50° north, from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan through north-western China (Xinjiang) and Mongolia east to north-central China (Gansu), south to Kunlun Shan and Qaidam Basin in Qinghai (west-central China); sporadically east to Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang (north-eastern China).
 
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Voice
A quiet 'quat', sharp 'kiki kiki', melodic 'ten-ten', murmuring 'tryou-ryuo' or 'cu-ruu cu-ruu-cu-ou-ruu'. A rolling 'por-r-r' uttered in flight.