Afghanistan (NB), Albania (NB), Armenia (NB), Austria (NB), Azerbaijan (NB) (P), Belgium (B) (NB), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria (NB), China (mainland), Croatia (Local Name: Hrvatska) (NB), Czech Republic (NB), Denmark (B) (NB) (P), Estonia (B) (NB) (P), Faroe Islands (NB), Finland (B) (NB) (P), France (NB) (P), Germany (B) (NB) (P), Greece (NB), Greenland (NB), Iceland (B) (NB) (P), India, Iran [Islamic Republic of] (NB), Iraq (NB), Ireland (B) (NB) (P), Italy (NB), Japan, Kazakhstan (B), Kyrgyzstan (NB), Latvia (B) (NB) (P), Lithuania (B) (NB) (P), Macedonia [The Former Yugoslav Republic of] (NB), Mongolia (B), Montenegro (NB), Nepal, Netherlands Antilles (NB), North Korea (NB) (P), Norway (B) (NB) (P), Pakistan, Poland (B) (NB) (P), Romania (NB) (P), Russia (Asian) (B), Russia (Central Asian) (B) (NB) (P), Russia (European) (B) (NB) (P), Serbia (NB), Slovakia (Slovak Republic) (NB), Slovenia (NB), South Korea, Spain (NB), Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Sweden (B) (NB) (P), Switzerland (NB), Taiwan (China), Tajikistan, Turkey (NB), Turkmenistan (B), Ukraine (NB) (P), United Kingdom (B) (NB) (P), USA (B), Uzbekistan.
Vagrant to Algeria, Cyprus (NB), Egypt, Hungary (NB), Israel, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Portugal, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates.
Iceland and Scandinavia east to north-eastern Siberia; winters in western and central Europe, around Baltic, North, Black, Caspian and Aral Seas, east to coastal China and Japan.
Population
Estimated population is 180,000 (2010).
Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [XC759371]
by Irish Wildlife Sounds from S\u00f6dra Fl\u00e4nningen, N om \u00d6sterv\u00e5la, Uppland, United Kingdom (flight call, nocturnal flight call)
Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) [XC317778]
by from Ask\u00f6viken, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden (call)
Nest
Mound of vegetation, lined with down.
Eggs (Guide)
Usually 5 or 6; creamy-white. Incubation: 35 - 42 days; by female.
Subspecies
Forms superspecies with Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator), which is sometimes considered a subspecies of this species. Population of southern Greenland and Iceland has been assigned separate subspecies islandicus, though doubtfully valid.
The Reader's Digest Book of British Birds 1980, 3rd Edition, Drive Publications Ltd ISBN 0 340 25308 8
Birds in Colour Campbell, B., 1960, Penguin Books Ltd
The Pocket Guide to Nest and Eggs Fitter, R.S.R., 1954, Collins
RSPB Handbook of British Birds Holden, P., Cleeves, T., 2002, A & C Black ISBN 0 7136 5713 8
Birds of Britain and Europe Sterry, P., et al., 2001, AA Publishing ISBN 0 7495 3068 5
The Popular Handbook of British Birds Hollom, P.A.D., 1973, H.F. & G. Witherby Ltd ISBN 0 85493 002 7
BirdLife International Species Factsheet