Eastern and south-eastern Brazil (Alagoas; central Mato Grosso and southern Bahia south to Santa Catarina), adjacent eastern Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina (Misiones).
 
Rarity Status
Currently this species is not classified as a rarity in this country OR information has not been updated.
Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia pectoralis) [XC421415]
by Marcelo da Rocha from S\u00e3o Miguel Arcanjo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (song)
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia pectoralis) [XC62306]
by Jeremy Minns from trail between Hotel Donati and Hotel Simon, Itatiaia NP, RJ, Brazil (call?)
Subspecies
Recent molecular-genetic analysis indicates that genus belongs in family Fringillidae. May form a superspecies with Rufous-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia rufiventris) and Golden-sided Euphonia (Euphonia cayennensis). Described taxon Euphonia vittata believed to have been a hybrid between present species and Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster).