Yellow-billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata) [XC594645]
by Franco Vushurovich from Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande, S\u00e3o Jorge do Patroc\u00ednio, Paran\u00e1., Brazil (flight call)
Yellow-billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata) [XC9590]
by Antonio Silveira from South of Pixaim, Mato Grosso, Brazil (song)
Subspecies
Recent molecular-genetic research indicates that genus belongs in the tanager family (Thraupidae), forming a clade with, among others, Cissopis and Schistochlamys. Curiously, members of latter two genera are similar in some plumage features and in bill shape to some members of present genus. May form a superspecies with Masked Cardinal (Paroaria nigrogenis), Crimson-fronted Cardinal (Paroaria baeri) and Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis) and all have sometimes been placed in a separate genus, Coccopsis. Appears to be closest to Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis). Subspecies fuscipes weakly differentiated.
The following 2 subspecies are recognised:
capitata d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 - Southern Brazil (south-western Mato Grosso) and adjacent Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz) south through Paraguay to northern Argentina (eastern Salta, Formosa and Corrientes south to western Cordoba and northern Buenos Aires) and extreme north-western Uruguay.
fuscipes J. Bond and Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 - Eastern Tarija, south-eastern Bolivia.