Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo [The Democratic Republic of the], Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania [United Republic of], Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Introduced to Jamaica.
Eastern and southern DRCongo, south-western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, southern Kenya, Tanzania, western and southern Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Namibia, and Zimbabwe and central and southern Mozambique south to northern and eastern Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland and lowlands of Lesotho.
Proposed subspecies include, nigrifrons (described from Karema, on eastern shore of L Tanganyika, in Tanzania) and, in South Africa, turgidus (from Citrusdal, in western Western Cape) and sundevalli (from south-eastern Eastern Cape). However, this species varies clinally in size, with largest birds in south-western South Africa, and no populations constantly separable on basis of morphometrics or plumage characteristics.
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9