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 LC    Large-billed Crow* Id (Atlas):
    Corvus macrorhynchos

Description (10)
Image of Large-billed Crow
 

Other Names (World)
Large-billed Crow, Jungle Crow, Thick-billed Crow, Black Crow, Japanese Crow (japonensis, connectens, osai), Eastern Jungle Crow (levaillantii), Indian Jungle Crow (culminatus)

Family
Corvidae (Crows And Jays)

Size
48 - 59 cm

First Described (Guide)
Wagler, 1827

Habitat
Subtropical and tropical lowland and montane moist forest.

Range (Guide)
Afghanistan (B) (NB), Bhutan, Cambodia, China (mainland), India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea (B), Pakistan, Philippines (B), Russia (Asian), Singapore (B), South Korea (B), Taiwan (China), Thailand, Timor-Leste (B) (NB), Vietnam.

Unknown to Iran [Islamic Republic of] (E).

Rarity Status
Currently this species is not classified as a rarity in this country OR information has not been updated.

Population
Estimated population is unknown (2010).

Status LC
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.

Voice
Xeno-Canto Sound Files (more (248)...)

 
Large-billed Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) [XC845341]
     by Frank Lambert from Mekong channels, Sangthong district, Vientiane Prefecture, Laos (call)

 
Large-billed Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) [XC267642]
     by Albert Lastukhin from Gornyy Khutor, Chernigovskiy rayon, Primorskiy kray, Russian Federation (call)

Subspecies
Taxonomy confusing owing to large number of subspecies covering wide geographical area. Formerly included in Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides), and listed as Corvus levaillantii in some older literature. Subspecies probably represent several different species. In Indian Subcontinent, small subspecies culminatus meets larger Himalayan intermedius and the two differ both vocally and in some behavioural aspects, but it is uncertain where the species limits are in relation to the lowland Bengal subspecies levaillantii.

In a recent study, four species tentatively proposed: "Corvus japonensis" (with subspecies mandshuricus, connectens, osai, tibetosinensis and intermedius), "Corvus levaillantii" (with culminatus and colonorum), "Corvus macrorhynchos" and "Corvus philippinus". Subsequent study, however, has indicated that osai and connectens are not closely related to northern Japanese forms, and, indeed, japonensis and mandshuricus behave as two species on the island of Sakhalin, with no mixed pairs found in overlap zone (central Sakhalin). These factors suggest that as many as seven species may be a reasonable assessment of the complex, but more research is required, not only through genetic and vocal comparisons, but also involving investigation of their parasitic lice (Mallophaga) and whether differences between subspecies is gradual or abrupt. Subspecies intermedius intergrades with tibetosinensis.

Other proposed subspecies are hondoensis and borealis (subsumed in japonensis), andamanensis (in levaillantii), anthracinus (in culminatus), hassi, mengtszensis and hainanus (in colonorum) and timoriensis (in nominate). With such a complicated species, however, one or two of these, especially anthracinus of Sri Lanka and andamanensis of the Andamans, could well be resurrected following a comprehensive review.

The following 13 subspecies are recognised:

  • intermedius Adams, 1859   -  Eastern Afghanistan and western and northern Pakistan eastern along Himalayas to southern Xizang and northern Nepal.
  • culminatus Sykes, 1832   -  Peninsular India, south-western Nepal and Sri Lanka. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Indian Jungle Crow (Corvus culminatus).
  • levaillantii Lesson, 1831   -  Northern India to northern Malay Peninsula. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Eastern Jungle Crow (Corvus levaillantii).
  • macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827   -  Central and southern Malay Peninsula and Sundas east to Wetar and Timor.
  • philippinus Bonaparte, 1853   -  Philippine Is.
  • tibetosinensis Kleinschmidt, O & Weigold, 1922   -  Eastern and south-eastern Tibetan Plateau and eastern Himalayas (eastern from Bhutan) east to northern and north-eastern Myanmar and extreme southern China (southern Qinghai south to Yunnan).
  • mandshuricus Buturlin, 1913   -  Northern and central Sakhalin I, Russian Far East, Korea and north-eastern China; breeding also recorded in Transbaikalia.
  • japonensis Bonaparte, 1850   -  Southern Sakhalin I, Kuril Is and Japan (south to Kyushu and Osumi Is).
  • connectens Stresemann, 1916   -  Amami Oshima and Ryukyu Is (Japan).
  • osai Ogawa, 1905   -  Southern Ryukyu Is.
  • colonorum Swinhoe, 1864   -  Central and southern China, Taiwan, Hainan I and northern Indochina.
  • hainanus Stresemann, 1916   -  Hainan (southern China).
  • mengtszensis La Touche, 1923   -  South-western China (southern Yunnan).



References
See References.


Files:
JPG files for Large-billed Crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) - 10 files


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