Yellow-margined Flatbill © pinterest.com

Relationships within genus uncertain, pending completion of major genetic study. Subspecies flavotectus considered by some authors to constitute a separate species on basis of disjunct distribution and vocal differences. Further research required. Other subspecies exhibit subtle variations in crown, breast and belly colours (breast becoming slightly darker in counterclockwise direction from the Guianas and north-eastern Brazil back towards eastern Brazil south of Amazon (crown colour shows similar but slightly discordant pattern). Further study needed on taxonomic limits within these subspecies.

The following 9 subspecies are recognised:

• flavotectus (Pelzeln, 1868)   -  Eastern Costa Rica south to western Colombia (east to south-western Bolí­var and lower Cauca Valley) and north-western Ecuador. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Tolmomyias flavotectus. Considered by some authors to be a distinct species, Yellow-winged Flatbill (Tolmomyias flavotectus).
• neglectus Zimmer, JT, 1939   -  Eastern Colombia, south-western Venezuela and north-western Brazil (R Negro region of northern Amazonas).
• examinatus (Chubb, C, 1920)   -  South-eastern Venezuela, the Guianas and north-eastern Brazil (northern bank of lower Amazon in northern Pará and Amapá).
• obscuriceps Zimmer, JT, 1939   -  South-eastern Colombia (western Meta) south to north-eastern Ecuador and north-eastern Peru (eastern Loreto north of Amazon).
• clarus Zimmer, JT, 1939   -  Peru (Amazonas, from just north of R Marañón, south to northern Puno).
• assimilis (Pelzeln, 1868)   -  Central Brazil south of middle Amazon (from Tefé, in eastern Amazonas, east to R Tapajós, in western Pará).
• paraensis Zimmer, JT, 1939   -  North-eastern Brazil (eastern Pará, north-western Maranhío).
• calamae Zimmer, JT, 1939   -  South-western Brazil (south-eastern Amazonas) and northern Bolivia.
• sucunduri Whitney, Schunck, Rêgo & Silveira, 2013   -  South central Amazonian Brazil, between the Canumã/Sucunduri rivers and the lower Tapajós River.

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