Bangladesh (B), Brunei Darussalam (B), Cambodia (B), India (B), Indonesia (B), Laos (B), Malaysia (B), Myanmar (B), Nepal (B), Philippines (B), Singapore (B), Sri Lanka (B), Thailand (B), Vietnam (B).
India, Nepal and Sri Lanka east through Indochina and Malay Peninsula to Greater Sundas, northern and eastern Philippines and Sulawesi.
 
Rarity Status
Currently this species is not classified as a rarity in this country OR information has not been updated.
Population
Estimated population is 1,000 - 10,000 (2010) and decreasing.
Status NT
Loss of undisturbed wetlands, over-fishing, siltation, pollution and persecution are the main threats.
For more information see BirdLife International Species Factsheet.
Food
Fish. Also snakes.
Voice
A loud, rasping 'err-wuk', the first note dipping the second rising.
Subspecies
Population of Sri Lanka sometimes awarded separate subspecies, plumbeiceps, which differs only in slightly smaller size and not normally accepted.