Hardhead (Aythya australis) [XC311775]
by id from McClean Bridge Road, Julatten, Queensland, Australia (call, wing noise)
Breeding Season (Guide)
Usually during the wet months, but mainly in the spring (October - November) in the south-west, January - February in the south-east, and April - May in the north.
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Nest
A slight depression in the ground, lined with grass mixed with feathers, weel concealed, often in lignum or cane-grass, sometimes in a tree hollow.
Eggs (Guide)
Usually 9 - 12; glossy, cream; oval; 57 x 41 mm. Incubation: about 30 - 32 days; by female.
Breeding birds collected in Banks Is, Vanuatu, were assigned separate subspecies extima, though it has been suggested that this population represented a temporary colonization by nomadic Australian birds.
The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Pizzey, G., and Knight, E., 1997, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 19691 5
Field Guide to Australian Birds Morecombe, M., 2000, Steve Parish Publishing Pty Ltd. ISBN 1 876282 10 X
Field Guide to the Birds of Australia Simpson, K., and Day, N., 1999, 6th Edition, Viking ISBN 0 670 87918 5
Reader's Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds 1988, 2nd Edition, Reader's Digest ISBN 0 949819 99 9
What Bird is That? 1984, Revised Edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney ISBN 0 207 14846 5
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds 1990 - , Oxford University Press, Melbourne ISBN 0 19 553244 9
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